It has been employed as treatment for 15 years, on occasion, in addition to another chemotherapeutic drug. Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the most important taxanes for the treatment of PCa. Taxanes represent the most active chemotherapeutic drugs that prolong survival in mHSPC and that are used as standard first-line chemotherapy and mCRPC, as second-line chemotherapy. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only treatment option in mCRPC, providing modest survival and palliative benefits. This type of cancer is known as metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Frequently the use of such treatments results in a temporary regression of the disease however, after a time comprising 2–3 years, the tumor progresses despite continuous hormonal manipulation. During the initial period of PCa, tumor growth is androgen-dependent therefore, surgical castration and or Androgen-Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of treatment in metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC). It is characterized by patterns of abnormal glandular growth in which poorly differentiated tumors are observed with a high mortality rate, while well-differentiated tumors have a favorable clinical outcome. This disease is essentially a cancer of older men. In contrast, others have a low rate of disease progression. PCa is a clinically heterogeneous disease during which some patients may have an aggressive state of the disease with high progression and metastasis. This cancer is among the main leading causes of cancer deaths in developed countries, with 278,539 deaths registered in 2018 however, in the United States, 31,620 deaths were estimated for 2019. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer worldwide in males, and an estimated 1.28 million new cases and 358,989 deaths were reported in 2018. Taken together, the results support the concept of chemotherapy with rational molecular bases. Our results show that PTX sensitizes prostate tumor cells to apoptosis induced by DTX. Both treatments blocked the PC3 cell in the G1 phase. We found that PTX in PC3 human prostate cancer cells induces significant apoptosis per se and increases that generated by DTX, while at the same time it reduces the senescence caused by the chemotherapy and increases caspases-3,-8, and -9 activity in PTX + DTX-treated cells. Viability was determined by the WST-1 assay by spectrophotometry, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, generic caspase activation and senescence by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and caspases-3, -8, and -9 activity by ELISA. PC3 human prostate cancer cells were treated in vitro at different doses and times with PTX, DTX, or their combination. We study whether the PTX sensitizes prostate cancer cells to DTX for greater effectiveness. On the other hand, Pentoxifylline (PTX) is an unspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases experimental, and clinically it has been described as sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy, increasing apoptosis and decreasing senescence. However, the response is poor due to chemoresistance and toxicity. In this state, chemotherapy with taxanes such as Docetaxel (DTX) comprises the first line of treatment. In its initial period, the tumor is hormone-sensitive, but in advanced states, it evolves into a metastatic castration-resistant tumor. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancers worldwide.
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